tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11601869574643939042024-02-20T03:03:13.239-08:00teori Madeleine Leiningerulima suryaning negarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07802136076477788111noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1160186957464393904.post-73799300416472747692012-03-13T06:11:00.002-07:002012-03-13T06:11:15.475-07:00KEPERCAYAAN<div style="text-align: left;">
. <span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Kepercayaan terjadi apabila terbukti akan Perbuatan </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">.Jangan pernah ada penghiyanatan..</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Apabila kita ingin di pertahankan karena dipercya..</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Kepercayaan, Susah didapat apabila kita berbuat "BOHONG"</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Maka dari tu..</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Pertahankan Kepercayaan jadi Bahan Pokok Utama kita..</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Tak ada lagi yang Seindah "KEPERCAYAAN".</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">. Jadikanlah Diri muue Menjadi Orang yang "JUJUR" </span></div>ulima suryaning negarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07802136076477788111noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1160186957464393904.post-7306896098959193112012-01-06T07:05:00.000-08:002012-01-06T07:05:18.627-08:00Teori Madelein Leininger<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Madeleine Leininger received her basic nursing education at St. Anthony's School of Nursing, Denver, CO and graduated in 1948. In 1950 she earned a Bachelor of Science from Benedictine College, Atchison, KS; in 1953 a Master of Science in Nursing from Catholic University, Washington, DC; and in 1965 a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Washington, Seattle. She is a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing and holds an LhD from Benedictine college.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Dr. Leininger is the founder of the Transcultural subfield of nursing. She is Professor of Nursing and Anthropology, Director of the Center for Health Research, and Director of Transcultural Nursinng Offerings at Wayne State University. She has held both faculty and administrative apppointments in nursing education. She has published extensively. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> During the mid 1950s,-Madeleine Leininger experienced what she describes as cultural shock while she was working in a child guidance home in the midwestern United States. While working as a clinical nurse specialist with disturbed children and their parents, she observed recurrent behavioral differences among the children and concluded that these differences had a cultural base. She identified a lack of knowledge of the children's cultures as the missing link in nursing to understand the variations in care of clients. This experience led her to become the first professional nurse in the world to earn a doctorate in anthropology, and led to the development of the new field of transcultural nursing as subfield of nursing. </span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Leininger first used the terms "transcultural nursing," "ethnonursing," and "cross-cultural nursing" in the 1960s. In 1966, at the University of Colorado, she offered the first transcultural nursing course with field experiences and has been instrumental in the development of similar courses at a number of other institutions. In 1979, Leininger defined transcultural nursing as. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> A learned subfield or branch of</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nursing which focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values with the goal to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people according to their cultural values and health-illness context.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">She also defined ethnonursing as.</span><br />
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</style><!--[endif]--><o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"></o:shapelayout><o:idmap data="1" v:ext="edit"></o:idmap><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#669999,#ffffff,#99ccff,#9999ff,#996666,#6666cc"><div class="O" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"> <div><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "Berlin Sans FB"; font-size: 67%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%; left: -3.28%; position: absolute; top: 0.22em;">Ø</span></span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The major concepts of her theory are cultural, cultural value, cultural care divercity and universality, cultural care, world view, socical structure, enviromental contex, folk health system, health, profesaional health system, care, caring, cultural care preservation, cultural care accommodation, and cultural care reparrering. She defines each of these concepts and their interrelationship provide the basis for the Sunrise Model of this Theory. </span></div><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CAKATSU%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style>
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN">B.</span></span><span lang="EN"> <span class="hps">Paradigma</span> <span class="hps">Nursing</span> <span class="hps">by</span> <span class="hps">Leininger</span> <span class="hps">Madelein</span><br />
<span class="hps">1.</span> <span class="hps">human</span><br />
<span class="hps">Humans</span> <span class="hps">are individuals</span> <span class="hps">or groups</span> <span class="hps">yamg</span> <span class="hps">have values</span> </span><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN">and norms</span></span><span lang="EN"> <span class="hps">which are believed</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">are useful</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">determine the</span> <span class="hps">options and</span> <span class="hps">take action.</span> <span class="hps">According to</span> <span class="hps">Leininger</span>, humans <span class="hps">have a tendency</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">maintain the</span> <span class="hps">culture</span> <span class="hps">at</span> <span class="hps">any time</span> <span class="hps">wherever</span> <span class="hps">he is.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN"> 2.</span></span><span lang="EN"> <span class="hps">health</span><br />
<span class="hps">Health</span> <span class="hps">refers to the</span> <span class="hps">welfare</span> <span class="hps">state</span> <span class="hps">that</span> <span class="hps">is culturally</span> <span class="hps">defined</span> <span class="hps">values</span> </span><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN">and</span></span><span lang="EN"> <span class="hps">practices</span> <span class="hps">and reflect</span> <span class="hps">the ability of</span> <span class="hps">individuals and</span> <span class="hps">groups</span> <span class="hps">to showcase</span> <span class="hps">their</span> <span class="hps">cultural</span> <span class="hps">activities</span> <span class="hps">of everyday life,</span> <span class="hps">and lifestyle</span> <span class="hps">advantages</span>.<br />
<br />
<span class="hps">3.</span> <span class="hps">environment</span><br />
<span class="hps">Environment</span> <span class="hps">refers to the</span> <span class="hps">totality</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">circumstances</span>, <span class="hps">situations</span>, <span class="hps">or experiences</span> <span class="hps">that give</span> <span class="hps">meaning to</span> <span class="hps">human behavior</span>, interpretation, <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">social</span> <span class="hps">interaction</span> <span class="hps">in the physical environment</span>, <span class="hps">ecological</span>, social, <span class="hps">political</span>, <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">cultural</span> <span class="hps">constructions</span>.<br />
<br />
<span class="hps">4.</span> <span class="hps">nursing</span><br />
<span class="hps">Nursing</span> <span class="hps">learning</span> <span class="hps">refers to a</span> <span class="hps">humanistic</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">scientific</span> <span class="hps">profession</span> <span class="hps">and discipline</span> <span class="hps">which is focused on</span> <span class="hps">human care</span> <span class="hps">phenomena and</span> <span class="hps">activities</span> <span class="hps">that aim</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">assist</span>, <span class="hps">provide</span> <span class="hps">support,</span> <span class="hps">facilitate</span>, <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">enable</span> <span class="hps">individuals or</span> <span class="hps">groups to</span> <span class="hps">obtain</span> <span class="hps">their health</span> <span class="hps">in a</span> <span class="hps">way that benefits</span> <span class="hps">are</span> <span class="hps">based</span> <span class="hps">on</span> <span class="hps">culture</span> <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">help people</span> <span class="hps">people</span> <span class="hps">to be able</span> <span class="hps">to face</span> <span class="hps">obstacles and</span> <span class="hps">death</span>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN"><span style="color: lime;"> <i> Culture Care :</i></span></span></div><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</style><!--[endif]--><o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"></o:shapelayout><o:idmap data="1" v:ext="edit"></o:idmap> <span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt;">In discussing the model, Leininger presents the idea that care patterns and processes may be universal or diverse. Universal care indicates care patterns, values, and behaviors that are common across cultures. Care diversities represent those patterns and processes that are unique or specific to an individual, family,or cultural group. Leininger believes care diversities are greater in number than are universal care patterns. </span></div></p:colorscheme><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</style><span style="color: #9900cc; font-size: 12pt;">I<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">t does provide guidelines for the gathering of knowledge and a framework for the making of decisions about what care is needed or would be of the greatest benefit to the client. Leininger has clearly identified what has been a major deficit in our provision of nursing care </span></span><span style="color: #9900cc; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt;">and</span></div><div class="O" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"><span style="color: #9900cc; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt;">provided a road map to begin to fill the gaps created by that deficit. </span><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#669999,#ffffff,#99ccff,#9999ff,#996666,#6666cc" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></p:colorscheme><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><!--[if !mso]>
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<div><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "Berlin Sans FB"; font-size: 156%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%; left: -3.63%; position: absolute; top: 0.22em;">Ø</span></span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 28pt;"></span></div></div></p:colorscheme>ulima suryaning negarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07802136076477788111noreply@blogger.com0